Captivating artistic greats such as Leonardo da Vinci, John William Waterhouse, and Ivan Aivazovsky, air entrainment in plunging free surface flows is ubiquitous in the natural world and striking in its beauty. Modern high-speed videography coupled with well-controlled plunging jets lets us investigate these physics more closely than ever before, revealing a delicate balance between hydrodynamics and capillarity that mediates the formation and growth of bubbles within a plunging liquid jet. When harmonic disturbances are imposed upon an otherwise smooth plunging jet, Faraday waves can appear, dancing a subharmonic pavane upon the free surface and providing chances for bubbles to form.
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