In recent years, global temperatures have risen due to increasing greenhouse gases, particularly CO₂. The ocean absorbs about 26% of atmospheric CO₂, primarily through wave breaking, which generates bubbles and expands the air-sea interface. To gain deeper insight into this process, we conduct turbulent two-phase flow simulations in controlled environments, focusing on bubble-mediated CO₂ transfer. Gas exchange at the air-sea interface is vital for climate regulation and marine ecosystems, yet the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Although bubbles and turbulence enhance gas exchange, existing models remain imprecise. However, recent advances in multiphase flow simulations enable more accurate investigations of these processes.
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