Fluid flows are known to exhibit shock waves across which there is an abrupt change in properties, such as pressure and temperature in the case of gases, velocity and depth in the case of shallow water, and volume fraction, velocity and height in the case of granular flows. While shock waves in gases have been extensively studied in the past, granular shocks have recently received much attention because of their relevance to many industries and naturally occurring flows. Of particular interest are the landslides and snow avalanches, which have been, time and again, witnessed in many parts of the world.
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